Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Natural Antimicrobials and Oral Microorganisms: A Systematic Review on Herbal Interventions for the Eradication of Multispecies Oral Biofilms

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01529

Figure Lengend Snippet: Overview of the names and concentrations of the medicinal herbs, bacterial characteristics of oral biofilms, treatment duration, and major outcomes of the studies of herbal intervention on in vitro formed multispecies oral biofilms .

Article Snippet: Furiga et al., , 2008 , Red grape marc extract (GME) red wine extract (RWE) pine bark extract (PBE)/50–2000 μg/ml , Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 Streptococcus sobrinus ATCC 33478 Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469 Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 10953 , Treatments of 1 min each, every 4 h over 16 h , - Potency against bacterial viability: chlorhexidine > RWE = PBE > GME - GME inhibited the glass surface adhesion by S. mutans - GME and PBE inhibited bacterial adhesion to hydroxyapatite - PBE inhibited synthesis of glucosyltransferase by 83.9% at 100 μg/ml.

Techniques: In Vitro, Incubation, Concentration Assay, Activity Assay, Inhibition, Fluorescence

Journal: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Article Title: Impact of Gingivitis on Circulating Neutrophil Reactivity and Gingival Crevicular Fluid Inflammatory Proteins

doi: 10.3390/ijerph19106339

Figure Lengend Snippet: ROS, chemotaxis and NETs from gingivitis study volunteers. ROS production, chemotaxis and NET quantification in response to stimuli. Peak values for total ROS stimuli included: ( a ) opsonised S. aureus (MOI 1:300; Fcγ receptor stimulant); ( b ) F. nucleatum (MOI 300:1; TLR stimulant), ( c ) PMA (25 mM). Chemotaxis analysis was used to generate average ( d ) speed, ( e ) velocity and ( f ) chemotactic index (CI) for neutrophils from gingivitis study volunteers in the presence of RPMI (negative control), fMLP (10 nM) and CXCL8 (200 ng/mL) chemoattractants. NET production ( g ) was measured following stimulation with unopsonised S. aureus (MOI 150:1), PMA (50 nM) and HOCl (0.75 mM; direct stimulant). Average Relative Light Unit (RLU) and Arbitrary Fluorescent Unit (AFU) readings were normalised by dividing all values by the respective RPMI control for a given time point × 100. Data are presented as mean, min and max values ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Statistical test: ANOVA with Tukey’s post-test. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: GM-CSF was used where described at 10 ng/mL 30 min prior to stimulation with Fusobacterium nucleatum (ATCC 10953; 6.8 × 109 bacteria/mL) at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 300:1, Opsonised Staphyloccocus aureus (NCTC 6571; 1.69 × 109 bacteria/mL) MOI of 300:1, or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA; 25 mM) at 37 °C until the peak ROS output was recorded.

Techniques: Chemotaxis Assay, Negative Control, Control

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Antibacterial Activity of Fusidic Acid-Loaded Electrospun Polylactide Fiber Fleeces Against Periodontopathogenic Species

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics17070821

Figure Lengend Snippet: Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of fusidic acid and metronidazole for Gram-negative Porphyromonas gingivalis , Fusobacterium nucleatum , and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans .

Article Snippet: The antibacterial effect of fusidic acid was investigated on the following bacterial species: Actinomyces viscosus (DSMZ 43327/ATCC 15987), Actinomyces naeslundi (DSMZ 17233/ATCC 19039), Streptococcus gordonii (DSMZ 20568/ATCC 33399), Streptococcus sobrinus (DSMZ 20742/ATCC 33478), Streptococcus mutans (DSMZ 20523/ATCC 25175), Enterococcus faecalis (DSMZ 20478/ATCC 19433), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 49230), Fusobacterium nucleatum (DSMZ 20482/ATCC 10953), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcommitans (DSMZ 11123/ATCC 43718), and Porphyromonas gingivalis (ATCC 53978).

Techniques: Concentration Assay